The Soyombo symbol is one of the most important and recognizable emblems of Mongolia.

It is prominently featured on the country’s national flag and is deeply woven into the nation’s history, philosophy, and identity. This iconic sign is more than just a decorative element—it is a powerful representation of Mongolia’s independence, culture, and spiritual beliefs.

Origins of the Soyombo Symbol

The Soyombo symbol traces its roots to the 17th century. It was created by Zanabazar (1635–1723), the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, a spiritual leader of Mongolia and a polymath skilled in philosophy, linguistics, arts, and state affairs.

Zanabazar was instrumental in shaping Mongolian cultural identity, and the Soyombo symbol was a part of his effort to develop the Soyombo script—a unique writing system he designed in 1686 for Mongolian, Sanskrit, and Tibetan texts.

While the Soyombo script did not replace the traditional Mongolian script, the symbol itself gained widespread importance. It was designed as a hieroglyphic representation of the concept of freedom and sovereignty, symbolizing Mongolia’s historical resistance against foreign domination.

The Meaning Behind the Soyombo

The Soyombo is a vertically arranged composition of geometric figures, each with deep significance:

  • The Flame (Topmost Symbol): The three tongues of flame represent growth, prosperity, and the past, present, and future of the Mongolian people.
  • The Sun and Moon: These celestial symbols signify the eternal existence of Mongolia, aligning with traditional Mongolian and Buddhist cosmology.
  • Two Triangles (Arrowheads Pointing Down): These represent the defeat of internal and external enemies.
  • Two Rectangles: These horizontal bars stand for honesty, fairness, and justice in governance and society.
  • The Yin-Yang (Taijitu) Symbol: This expresses balance and harmony between opposing forces—male and female, good and evil, light and dark.
  • Vertical Rectangles on the Sides: These pillars symbolize strength, stability, and the unity of the Mongolian people.

This carefully crafted arrangement of symbols reflects Mongolia’s national identity and its people’s resilience through history.

How the Soyombo Became Part of the Mongolian Flag

The Soyombo symbol was first used in official state emblems during Mongolia’s struggles for independence in the early 20th century. As Mongolia sought to assert its sovereignty, the symbol became a unifying emblem against foreign rule, particularly during the fall of the Qing Dynasty’s dominance over Mongolia in 1911.

In 1921, when Mongolia declared independence from China and established a theocratic government under the Bogd Khan, the Soyombo was adopted as a national symbol.

Later, during the communist era under the Mongolian People’s Republic (1924–1992), the Soyombo was retained but incorporated into a Soviet-influenced design. The five-pointed star above the symbol was a later addition during the socialist period but was removed after Mongolia transitioned to democracy in 1992.

Today, the Soyombo symbol remains a prominent part of Mongolia’s flag, displayed in gold on the red band near the hoist. Its continued presence underscores the Mongolian people’s commitment to their independence, national identity, and rich cultural heritage.

The Soyombo Beyond the Flag

Beyond the national flag, the Soyombo symbol appears on official government seals, banknotes, military insignia, and national monuments. It is used in various forms of Mongolian art and design, reflecting its deep-seated place in the country’s cultural consciousness. The symbol is also tattooed by some Mongolians as a mark of patriotism and pride.

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The Soyombo symbol is much more than an ornamental design—it is a sacred emblem of Mongolian identity, independence, and resilience. Created by Zanabazar over three centuries ago, it has remained a central element in Mongolian culture, proudly adorning the nation’s flag and reinforcing the enduring spirit of its people. As Mongolia continues to evolve, the Soyombo stands as a timeless reminder of its rich history and promising future.